Status detailed: Lesson 1

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Status detailed (Forms, how to tell status, light vs heavy status, flexibility)
In the previous lessons, we had learned about the 4 properties of isms. They are status, number, gender and type. From today, we will be looking at each of those properties in detail In Sha Allah. And today we are starting with the first property “status.”
There are basically 4 things we need to understand about status. Those are the forms of status, how to tell status, light and heavy status and flexibility. As complicated as these sound we already have gone through some of these things and there are quite simple as you will see In Sha Allah. So let’s get right into it. Bismillah!

1.     Forms of status
We already know that there are 3 forms of status. They are:
a)     Rafa’ – doer
b)    Nasb – detail
c)     Jarr

2.     How to tell status
We also learned how to identify which status a word is in. We can identify status in two ways. They are:
A-    By looking at the ending sounds
ُ   ٌ Rafa’ (‘u’ or ‘un’) sound
َ  ً  Nasb (‘a’ or ‘an’) sound
ِ ٍ   Jarr (‘I’ or ‘in’) sound
If a word ends with ‘u’ or ‘un’ sound that means it is in rafa’ form. If a word ends with ‘a’ or ‘an’ sound it is in nasb form and so on.

B-    By looking at ending combinations.
In the muslim chart we saw that some words end with ending combinations like ‘AANI’, ‘AYNI’ and so on. Take a look.
As you can see the first column has ending sounds as we saw above. The other two columns have ending combinations. And there are two combinations we need to remember from each column. The table below summarizes how to identify the status using ending combinations
Pair combinations
Masculine plural combinations
Feminine plural combinations
Rafa’
AANI
OONA
AATHUN
Nasb/Jarr
AYNI
EENA
AATHIN

3.     Light vs heavy status
All Arabic words by default are considered ‘heavy’. There are 2 kinds of heavy.
1.     Heavy because of thanween (‘un’, ‘an’ or ‘in’ sound)
2.     Heavy because of combination
Making a word light usually involves removing the ن sound. Some examples are given below.
مُسْلِمٌ  (muslimun) – heavy                                                      مُسْلِمُ (muslimu) – light
مُسْلِمَانِ (muslimaani) – heavy                                                 مُسْلِمَا (muslimaa) – light
مُسْلِمَيْنِ (muslimaini) – heavy                                                       مُسْلِمَيْ (muslimai) – light

There are 4 reasons why a word can be made light. We will be looking at the 4 reasons in the upcoming lessons In Sha Allah.
*When there is ‘Al’ at the beginning of the word, we can’t put a tag of light or heavy on that word.

Having these in mind, complete the following exercise.

Exercise 1:
Identify whether the words given below are heavy or light.
نَفْسٍ
نَفْسِ
فِئَتَيْنِ
فِئَتَي
الْمُنَافِقُون
فَوقَ
كاَفِرَةٌ
كَافِرَةُ

*Flexibility will be covered in the next lesson In Sha Allah

**Lesson inspired by a lesson of 'Arabic with Husna' by Ustadh Nouman

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